植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 614-626.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.04.013
王莹1,2, 赵茂锦1, 刘修明1, 吴宜宣1, 朱家浩1, 汪成忠1()
收稿日期:
2024-08-25
出版日期:
2025-07-20
发布日期:
2025-07-25
通讯作者:
汪成忠
E-mail:754409736@qq.com
作者简介:
王莹(1983—),女,博士,副教授,主要从事植物修复镉污染土壤研究。
基金资助:
Ying WANG1,2, Maojin ZHAO1, Xiuming LIU1, Yixuan WU1, Jiahao ZHU1, Chengzhong WANG1()
Received:
2024-08-25
Online:
2025-07-20
Published:
2025-07-25
Contact:
Chengzhong WANG
E-mail:754409736@qq.com
摘要:
为了给镉(Cd)污染土壤修复提供具有景观效果的植物材料,该试验采用盆栽方法,研究土壤中不同质量分数(0、200、500 mg·kg-1)外源镉添加对大花百子莲(Agapanthus praecox ssp. orientalis ‘Big Blue’)耐受性和富集特性的影响。结果表明:随着镉质量分数升高,大花百子莲叶片和根部的生物量有所下降,镉质量分数为200 mg·kg-1时,与对照相比,叶片生物量下降不显著,而根部生物量显著下降。与对照相比,叶片的过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性及丙二醛、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量在镉质量分数为500 mg·kg-1时显著提高,根部相应的指标在镉质量分数为200 mg·kg-1时显著提高;叶片和根部的可溶性糖含量在镉质量分数为500 mg·kg-1时显著提高。上述结果说明:大花百子莲对重金属镉有一定的耐受性,根部较叶片对镉胁迫更敏感。500 mg·kg-1镉胁迫下,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b含量、叶绿素a/b、类胡萝卜素含量显著低于对照;除胞间CO2摩尔分数外,蒸腾速率、光合速率、气孔导度显著低于对照;除非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)外,最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)有所减少,显著低于对照。镉胁迫下,大花百子莲叶片和根部的富集系数小于1,转运系数大于1,不完全符合镉超积累植物标准,但对镉具有很强的富集作用。综上,大花百子莲在镉质量分数低于200 mg·kg-1时,能通过自身调节来维持正常生长,对镉胁迫具有一定耐受性和富集性,可以作为具有景观效果的植物修复材料,并且大花百子莲叶片和根部的生物量及镉含量4个指标可以作为衡量镉胁迫耐受性的重要指标。
中图分类号:
王莹, 赵茂锦, 刘修明, 吴宜宣, 朱家浩, 汪成忠. 镉胁迫下大花百子莲耐受性和富集特性[J]. 植物研究, 2025, 45(4): 614-626.
Ying WANG, Maojin ZHAO, Xiuming LIU, Yixuan WU, Jiahao ZHU, Chengzhong WANG. Tolerance and Enrichment Characteristics of Agapanthus praecox ssp. orientalis ‘Big Blue’ under Cadmium Stress[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(4): 614-626.
表1
镉胁迫对大花百子莲光合色素质量分数的影响
镉质量分数 Cadmium mass fraction/ (mg·kg-1) | 叶绿素a Chla/(mg·g-1) | 叶绿素b Chlb/(mg·g-1) | 叶绿素a+b Chla+b/(mg·g-1) | 叶绿素a/b Chla/b | 类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid/(mg·g-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.89±0.02a | 0.36±0.01a | 2.51±0.03a | 2.46±0.01a | 0.21±0.01a |
200 | 0.88±0.02a | 0.35±0.01a | 2.47±0.02a | 2.45±0.05a | 0.20±0.01a |
500 | 0.66±0.01b | 0.30±0.01b | 0.96±0.01b | 2.22±0.03b | 0.17±0.01b |
表3
镉胁迫对大花百子莲重金属富集特性的影响
镉质量分数 Cd mass fraction/ (mg·kg-1) | 叶片镉质量分数 Leaf Cd mass fraction/ (mg·kg-1) | 根部镉质量分数 Root Cd mass fraction/ (mg·kg-1) | 叶片富集系数 Leaf enrichment coefficient | 根部富集系数 Root enrichment coefficient | 转运系数 Transport coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | — | — | — | — | — |
200 | 172.45±1.05b | 164.93±1.58b | 0.86±0.01a | 0.82±0.01a | 1.05±0.01b |
500 | 422.37±1.12a | 318.03±1.39a | 0.84±0.01a | 0.64±0.01b | 1.33±0.01a |
图5
镉胁迫下大花百子莲各指标相关性Cd. 镉质量分数;LB. 叶片生物量;RB. 根部生物量;LC. 叶片过氧化氢酶活性;RC. 根部过氧化氢酶活性;LP. 叶片过氧化物酶活性;RP. 根部过氧化物酶活性;LS. 叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性;RS. 根部超氧化物酶活性;LSP. 叶片可溶性蛋白含量;RSP. 根部可溶性蛋白含量;LSS. 叶可溶性糖含量;RSS. 根可溶性糖含量;LM. 叶丙二醛含量;RM. 根丙二醛含量;LCd. 叶镉质量分数;RCd. 根镉质量分数;LEC. 叶富集系数;REC. 根富集系数;TC. 转运系数;Chla. 叶绿素a含量;Chlb. 叶绿素b含量;a+b. 叶绿素a+b含量;a/b. 叶绿素a/b;Car. 类胡萝卜素含量;Tr. 蒸腾速率;Pn. 光合速率;Gs. 气孔导度;Ci. 胞间二氧化碳摩尔分数;Fv/Fm. 最大光化学效率;Fv/Fo. PSⅡ潜在活性;ΦPSⅡ. 实际光化学效率;qP. 光化学淬灭系数;NPQ. 非光化学淬灭系数。
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