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植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 636-647.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.04.015

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

川莓花蜜腺泌蜜节律及发育形态特征

沈燕1, 唐晓宇2, 唐秀俊3, 罗丽林1, 黄振兴1, 刘曼1()   

  1. 1.贵州省生物研究所,贵阳 550009
    2.贵州省国有龙里林场,龙里 551206
    3.贵州雷公山国家级自然保护区管理局,雷山 557199
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-24 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-07-25
  • 通讯作者: 刘曼 E-mail:freemyself516@hotmail.com
  • 作者简介:沈燕(1996—),女,硕士,研究实习员,主要从事蜜源植物开发利用研究。
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑[2023]一般477);贵州省科技成果转化项目(黔科合成果[2024]一般097)

Rhythms of Nectar Secretion, Morphological Characteristics of Developmental Floral Nectary in Rubus setchuenensis

Yan SHEN1, Xiaoyu TANG2, Xiujun TANG3, Lilin LUO1, Zhenxing HUANG1, Man LIU1()   

  1. 1.Guizhou Institute of Biology,Guiyang 550009
    2.Longli State-owned Forest Farm in Guizhou Province,Longli 551206
    3.Guizhou Leigongshan National Nature Reserve Management Bureau,Leishan 557199
  • Received:2024-12-24 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-07-25
  • Contact: Man LIU E-mail:freemyself516@hotmail.com

摘要:

川莓(Rubus setchuenensis)是优质蜜源植物,为了解其泌蜜节律、花蜜腺发育形态特征,在观察记录川莓花部泌蜜特征基础上,通过石蜡切片和扫描电镜分别观察了5个发育时期(幼蕾期、花蕾期、初花期、盛花期及散粉后期)花蜜腺发育形态解剖特征及超微结构。川莓在贵州省湄潭县的开花期为6—11月,花蜜分泌旺盛期为7—9月;单朵花的开花期为3 d,泌蜜期为2 d,单朵花泌蜜总量及含糖总量平均值分别为(30.58±3.60) μL和(7.14±2.33) mg。川莓花蜜腺位于雄蕊基部与子房之间的浅盘状花托内壁上,由表皮、蜜腺薄壁细胞和维管束 3部分组成,依据蜜腺着生位置、解剖结构特征及有无淀粉粒消长变化3个角度划分,川莓花蜜腺分别属于花托蜜腺、结构蜜腺和淀粉型蜜腺。花蜜腺发育始于幼蕾期,表皮气孔始现于花蕾期,原蜜由维管束提供,以淀粉的形式储存于蜜腺细胞中。淀粉粒从幼蕾期开始积累,淀粉粒含量、花蜜腺表皮气孔大小和开口面积及蜜腺厚度等均在初花期达到最大,此时花蜜腺发育成熟,花蜜由蜜腺表皮表面的角质层和气孔泌出,盛花期和散粉后期的淀粉粒几近消失。

关键词: 川莓, 泌蜜规律, 花蜜腺, 发育解剖

Abstract:

Rubus setchuenensis(Rosaceae) is a high-quality nectariferous plant. In order to clarify the nectar secretion rhythm and morphological characteristics of developmental floral nectary, the floral nectar secretion characteristics were observed and recorded, and morphological and anatomical characteristics and ultrastructure of floral nectary at five developmental stages(young bud stage, flower bud stage, initial flowering stage, full blooming stage and post anthesis stage) were investigated by paraffin section and scanning electronic microscope. The flowering period of R.setchuenensis was from June to November in Meitan County, Guizhou Province, and the vigorous nectar secretion period was from July to September. The flowering period and the nectar secretion period of a single flower were three days and two days, and the average total nectar secretion and total sugar content were (30.58±3.60) μL and (7.14±2.33) mg, respectively. The floral nectary of R.setchuenensis was located on the inner wall of the plate-like receptacle between the stamen base and the ovary, which was composed of epidermis, nectary parenchyma cells and vascular bundle. According to the position and anatomical structure of nectary, and the change of starch granules, floral nectary of R.setchuenensis would be divided into receptacle nectary, structural nectary and starch nectary, respectively. The nectary and epidermal stomata developed from the young bud stage and the budding stage, respectively. The original nectar was provided by the vascular bundle and stored in the nectary cells in the form of starch. The starch granules began to accumulate from the young bud stage, and the starch granule content, size and aperture area of stomata, and thickness of nectary reached the maximum at the initial flowering stage. The nectar was secreted from the cuticles and stomata on nectary epidermis, and the starch granules nearly disappeared at the full blooming stage and the post anthesis stage.

Key words: Rubus setchuenensis, secretion regularity, floral nectary, development anatomy

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