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植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 518-532.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.04.005

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

环境因子对党参有效成分含量的影响

郭皓1,2, 陈彩霞2, 安晓静1,2, 李先恩2, 王海英1(), 夏忠庭3()   

  1. 1.天津中医药大学中药学院,天津 301617
    2.北京协和医学院&中国医学科学院药用植物研究所,北京 100193
    3.盈科瑞(天津)创新医药研究有限公司,天津 300382
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-05 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-07-25
  • 通讯作者: 王海英,夏忠庭 E-mail:haiyingwang-99@163.com;Hexinshang-1@hotmail.com
  • 作者简介:郭皓(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事中药资源研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3501503)

Effect of Environmental Factors on the Active Ingredients of Codonopsis pilosula

Hao GUO1,2, Caixia CHEN2, Xiaojing AN1,2, Xian’en LI2, Haiying WANG1(), Zhongting XIA3()   

  1. 1.School of Chinese Materia Medica,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 301617
    2.Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193
    3.Yingkerui(Tianjin) Innovative Medicine Research Co. ,Ltd. ,Tianjin 300382
  • Received:2025-02-05 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-07-25
  • Contact: Haiying WANG, Zhongting XIA E-mail:haiyingwang-99@163.com;Hexinshang-1@hotmail.com

摘要:

为明确影响党参(Codonopsis pilosula)有效成分含量的关键因子,该研究探究不同产区的气象、土壤等32种环境因子的作用,为党参规范化种植的产地环境选择提供科学依据。该研究通过收集党参主产区(重庆、内蒙古、甘肃、山西)共27个采样点的栽培党参及其根区土壤样本,测定不同产地土壤理化指标和党参中党参炔苷、多糖的含量,分析各环境因子与党参有效成分含量的相关性。结果表明:党参有效成分含量具有区域性差异;赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗的党参中多糖质量分数最高,为386 mg·g-1;重庆市巫溪县的样品中党参炔苷质量分数最高,为2.128 mg·g-1。月气温极值对党参有效成分含量产地差异的方差贡献最高,其次为土壤酶活力及有机质因子,土壤养分的方差贡献最低。不同环境因子对党参多糖和党参炔苷积累影响各异。党参多糖主要受土壤有机质、10月降水量及碱性磷酸酶活力影响,而党参炔苷主要受土壤速效氮、土壤酸性磷酸酶活力及5月、7—8月最低气温和土壤pH影响。综上,月气温极值主导党参有效成分含量变化,另外,还需关注降水量、土壤养分及磷酸酶活力的影响。

关键词: 党参, 有效成分, 环境因子, 随机森林模型, 相关性分析

Abstract:

To clarify the key factors affecting the content of active ingredients in Codonopsis pilosula, and to provide scientific basis for the selection of producing areas’ environmental factors for standardized cultivation, the effects of 32 environmental factors such as meteorology and soil conditions in different producing areas were explored. In this study, samples of cultivated C. pilosula and its root zone soil were collected from a total of 27 sampling sites in the main producing areas(Chongqing, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Shanxi). The soil physicochemical indicators from different producing areas and the contents of lobetyolin and polysaccharides in C. pilosula weremeasured, and the correlations between various environmental factors and the active ingredients in C. pilosula were analyzed. The results indicated that there were regional differences in the content of active ingredients in C. pilosula. The highest polysaccharide content was 386 mg·g-1 in samples collected from Ar Horqin Banner in Chifeng city. The highest lobetyolin content was 2.128 mg·g-1 in samples collected from Wuxi in Chongqing city. Among the factors contributing to the variance in the content of active ingredients in C. pilosula from different producing areas, monthly extreme temperature had the highest contribution, followed by soil enzyme activity and organic matter factors, with soil nutrients contributing the least. The effects of different environmental factors on accumulation of polysaccharides and lobetyolin in C. pilosula varied in different producing areas. Polysaccharides contents in C. pilosula were mainly influenced by soil organic matter, precipitation in October, and soil alkaline phosphatase activity, while lobetyolin was primarily affected by soil available nitrogen, soil acid phosphatase activity, the minimum temperature in May and July-August, and soil pH. In summary, monthly extreme temperature was the main factor driving the variation in content of active ingredients in C. pilosula, and attention should be paid to the impacts of precipitation, soil nutrients, and phosphatase activity.

Key words: Codonopsis pilosula, active ingredients, environmental factors, random forest model, correlation analysis

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