植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 518-532.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.04.005
郭皓1,2, 陈彩霞2, 安晓静1,2, 李先恩2, 王海英1(), 夏忠庭3(
)
收稿日期:
2025-02-05
出版日期:
2025-07-20
发布日期:
2025-07-25
通讯作者:
王海英,夏忠庭
E-mail:haiyingwang-99@163.com;Hexinshang-1@hotmail.com
作者简介:
郭皓(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事中药资源研究。
基金资助:
Hao GUO1,2, Caixia CHEN2, Xiaojing AN1,2, Xian’en LI2, Haiying WANG1(), Zhongting XIA3(
)
Received:
2025-02-05
Online:
2025-07-20
Published:
2025-07-25
Contact:
Haiying WANG, Zhongting XIA
E-mail:haiyingwang-99@163.com;Hexinshang-1@hotmail.com
摘要:
为明确影响党参(Codonopsis pilosula)有效成分含量的关键因子,该研究探究不同产区的气象、土壤等32种环境因子的作用,为党参规范化种植的产地环境选择提供科学依据。该研究通过收集党参主产区(重庆、内蒙古、甘肃、山西)共27个采样点的栽培党参及其根区土壤样本,测定不同产地土壤理化指标和党参中党参炔苷、多糖的含量,分析各环境因子与党参有效成分含量的相关性。结果表明:党参有效成分含量具有区域性差异;赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗的党参中多糖质量分数最高,为386 mg·g-1;重庆市巫溪县的样品中党参炔苷质量分数最高,为2.128 mg·g-1。月气温极值对党参有效成分含量产地差异的方差贡献最高,其次为土壤酶活力及有机质因子,土壤养分的方差贡献最低。不同环境因子对党参多糖和党参炔苷积累影响各异。党参多糖主要受土壤有机质、10月降水量及碱性磷酸酶活力影响,而党参炔苷主要受土壤速效氮、土壤酸性磷酸酶活力及5月、7—8月最低气温和土壤pH影响。综上,月气温极值主导党参有效成分含量变化,另外,还需关注降水量、土壤养分及磷酸酶活力的影响。
中图分类号:
郭皓, 陈彩霞, 安晓静, 李先恩, 王海英, 夏忠庭. 环境因子对党参有效成分含量的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2025, 45(4): 518-532.
Hao GUO, Caixia CHEN, Xiaojing AN, Xian’en LI, Haiying WANG, Zhongting XIA. Effect of Environmental Factors on the Active Ingredients of Codonopsis pilosula[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(4): 518-532.
表1
党参样本信息
编号 Number | 采样点 Sampling site | 基源 Origin plant | 经纬度 Latitude and longitude | 海拔 Elevation/m | 党参炔苷质量分数 Lobetyolin mass fraction/(mg·g-1) | 党参多糖质量分数 Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide mass fraction/(mg·g-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 重庆市巫溪县双阳乡双阳村 | 党参 | 31°28′28″N,109°49′34″E | 1 650 | 2.147±0.064b | 128±35ij |
D2 | 重庆市奉节县太和乡石板村 | 党参 | 30°24′6″N,109°9′4″E | 1 500 | 2.192±0.074a | 223±3efgh |
D3 | 重庆市巫山县红椿乡红椿村 | 党参 | 30°31′28″N,109°39′14″E | 1 600 | 2.017±0.015c | 254±29bcdef |
D4 | 重庆市奉节县长安乡五坝村 | 党参 | 30°25′24″N,109°21′8″E | 1 700 | 1.234±0.006f | 368±19a |
D5 | 重庆市巫山县红椿乡西槽村 | 党参 | 30°28′57″N,109°21′13″E | 1 500 | 1.391±0.042e | 254±11cdef |
D6 | 赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗三山村 | 党参 | 43°55′24″N,120°3′47″E | 452 | 0.396±0.010v | 389±54a |
D7 | 定西市陇西县福星镇 | 党参 | 35°7′59″N,104°37′14″E | 2 160 | 0.586±0.003s | 228±28efgh |
D8 | 定西市渭源县庆坪镇 | 党参 | 35°17′54″N,104°9′52″E | 2 407 | 0.763±0.011n | 298±21b |
D9 | 定西市临洮县连儿湾乡 | 党参 | 35°24′26″N,104°8′18″E | 2 469 | 0.972±0.023i | 268±6bcde |
D10 | 定西市漳县四族镇 | 党参 | 34°42′7″N,104°24′39″E | 2 181 | 0.923±0.008k | 277±19bcd |
D11 | 定西市漳县石川镇 | 党参 | 34°37′23″N,104°19′10″E | 2 123 | 0.740±0.010o | 229±11efgh |
D12 | 定西市岷县蒲麻镇 | 党参 | 34°34′27″N,104°21′28″E | 2 257 | 0.988±0.004h | 152±11i |
D13 | 定西市岷县闾井镇 | 党参 | 34°22′17″N,104°31′21″E | 2 480 | 1.028±0.015g | 212±36fgh |
D14 | 定西市岷县梅川镇 | 党参 | 34°32′24″N,104°9′31″E | 2 659 | 0.900±0.010l | 227±1efgh |
D15 | 定西市岷县西江镇 | 党参 | 34°28′20″N,103°56′3″E | 2 178 | 0.682±0.016p | 211±13fgh |
D16 | 甘南藏族自治州临潭县新城镇 | 党参 | 34°41′21″N,103°34′58″E | 2 803 | 0.498±0.015t | 234±23defgh |
D17 | 甘南藏族自治州临潭县羊永镇 | 党参 | 34°39′35″N,103°29′24″E | 2 669 | 0.428±0.009u | 209±12gh |
D18 | 甘南藏族自治州卓尼县木耳镇 | 党参 | 34°33′32″N,103°32′59″E | 2 496 | 0.661±0.002q | 252±23cdefg |
D19 | 甘南藏族自治州卓尼县纳浪镇 | 党参 | 34°30′3″N,103°44′57″E | 2 371 | 0.960±0.030i | 285±10bc |
D20 | 定西市岷县西寨镇 | 党参 | 34°28′25″N,103°49′28″E | 2 343 | 0.626±0.006r | 243±11cdefgh |
D21 | 定西市岷县麻子川镇 | 党参 | 34°16′57″N,104°6′29″E | 2 475 | 1.477±0.043d | 207±52h |
D22 | 陇南市宕昌县庞家乡 | 党参 | 34°16′4″N,104°17′59″E | 2 236 | 0.853±0.005m | 235±4defgh |
D23 | 晋城市陵川县平城镇和村村 | 党参 | 35°52′23″N,113°18′35″E | 1 397 | 0.940±0.014j | 78±24k |
D24 | 晋城市陵川县平城镇和村村 | 党参 | 35°52′23″N,113°18′35″E | 1 397 | 0.351±0.005w | 105±9jk |
D25 | 晋城市陵川县平城镇林峦岭村 | 党参 | 35°52′55″N,113°19′51″E | 1 370 | 0.664±0.009q | 139±7ij |
D26 | 晋城市陵川县平城镇魏庄村 | 党参 | 35°52′39″N,113°20′15″E | 1 360 | 0.641±0.014r | 76±8k |
D27 | 晋城市陵川县夺火乡 | 党参 | 35°36′32″N,113°18′15″E | 1 344 | 0.513±0.028t | 73±23k |
图3
不同产地党参根区土壤理化参数A.土壤碱解氮质量分数;B.土壤有效磷质量分数;C.土壤速效钾质量分数;D.土壤有机质质量分数;E.土壤酸碱度;F.土壤蔗糖酶活力;G.土壤碱性磷酸酶活力;H.土壤酸性磷酸酶活力。箱体上框边缘表示上四分位数,下框边缘表示下四分位数。箱体内部白色圆点表示中位数,白色横线表示平均值。不同字母表示不同产地间具有显著性差异,P<0.05。WX.重庆市巫溪县;FJ.重庆市奉节县;WS.重庆市巫山县;AQ.赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗;LX.定西市陇西县;WY.定西市渭源县;LT.定西市临洮县;ZX.定西市漳县;MX.定西市岷县;GNLT.甘南藏族自治州临潭县;ZN.甘南藏族自治州卓尼县;TC.陇南市宕昌县;LC.晋城市陵川县。
图4
不同产地党参有效成分含量与环境因子的主成分分析A.PCA得分图;B.PCA载荷图。椭圆表示95%置信区间。cpp.党参多糖;lob.党参炔苷;SOM.土壤有机质;pH.土壤酸碱度;AN.土壤速效氮;AP.土壤有效磷;AK.土壤速效钾;fac1.4月最高气温;fac2.5月最高气温;fac3.6月最高气温;fac4.7月最高气温;fac5.8月最高气温;fac6.9月最高气温;fac7.10月最高气温;fac8.4月最低气温;fac9.5月最低气温;fac10.6月最低气温;fac11.7月最低气温;fac12.8月最低气温;fac13.9月最低气温;fac14.10月最低气温;fac15.4月降水量;fac16.5月降水量;fac17.6月降水量;fac18.7月降水量;fac19.8月降水量;fac20.9月降水量;fac21.10月降水量。
图5
不同环境因子与党参有效成分含量之间的相关性聚类热图及随机森林模型分析A.相关性聚类热图;B.对党参多糖含量的随机森林模型分析;C.对党参炔苷含量的随机森林模型分析。*.P<0.05, **.P<0.01,***.P<0.001。cpp.党参多糖;lob.党参炔苷;SOM.土壤有机质;pH.土壤酸碱度;AN.土壤速效氮;AP.土壤有效磷;AK.土壤速效钾;fac1.4月最高气温;fac2.5月最高气温;fac3.6月最高气温;fac4.7月最高气温;fac5.8月最高气温;fac6.9月最高气温;fac7.10月最高气温;fac8.4月最低气温;fac9.5月最低气温;fac10.6月最低气温;fac11.7月最低气温;fac12.8月最低气温;fac13.9月最低气温;fac14.10月最低气温;fac15.4月降水量;fac16.5月降水量;fac17.6月降水量;fac18.7月降水量;fac19.8月降水量;fac20.9月降水量;fac21.10月降水量。
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