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植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 569-579.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.04.009

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同初生休眠类型林木种子适宜萌发温度及其对热休眠诱导的响应

王喆, 李明月, 朱美如, 张鹏()   

  1. 东北林业大学林学院,森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨 150040
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-02 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-07-25
  • 通讯作者: 张鹏 E-mail:zhangpeng@nefu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王喆(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事森林培育研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31670639)

Optimal Germination Temperature of Tree Seeds with Different Primary Dormancy Types and Their Responses to Thermal Dormancy Induction

Zhe WANG, Mingyue LI, Meiru ZHU, Peng ZHANG()   

  1. Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management,Ministry of Education,College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040
  • Received:2025-03-02 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-07-25
  • Contact: Peng ZHANG E-mail:zhangpeng@nefu.edu.cn

摘要:

为研究不同初生休眠类型林木种子的适宜萌发温度及其对热休眠诱导的响应,以3种初生休眠类型(非休眠、物理休眠和生理休眠)的9个树种解除休眠后的种子为材料,分别在5、10、15、20、25、30、35 ℃的恒温下进行萌发试验,根据萌发表现确定不同树种的适宜萌发温度;在此基础上,在25、30、35 ℃下对种子进行高温培养并转移至适宜萌发温度进行14 d萌发试验,根据种子萌发表现比较不同初生休眠类型种子对热休眠诱导的响应规律。结果表明:不同初生休眠类型种子的适宜萌发温度表现出一定差异,非休眠种子(红皮云杉(Picea koraiensis)、华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)、黑松(Pinus thunbergii))的适宜萌发温度为10~25 ℃,物理休眠种子(山皂荚(Gleditsia japonica)、刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa))的适宜萌发温度为10~35 ℃,生理休眠种子(油松(Pinus tabuliformis)、花曲柳(Fraxinus rhynchophylla)、秋子梨(Pyrus ussuriensis))的适宜萌发温度为5~30 ℃;高温抑制大部分种子萌发,仅生理休眠的秋子梨种子在高温下进入热休眠(休眠率80%~86%),而生理休眠的其他(油松和花曲柳)种子表现出较高的死亡率(46%~69%),非休眠种子表现出更高的死亡率(56%~100%),物理休眠种子表现为低死亡率(24%~64%),物理休眠种子在25~35 ℃高温下种子萌发率为36%~76%。非休眠和物理休眠种子在高温下萌发未进入热休眠,生理休眠种子在高温下是否进入热休眠、热休眠状态表现不一致。

关键词: 种子, 初生休眠, 休眠类型, 萌发温度, 热休眠

Abstract:

In order to clarify the optimal germination temperature conditions of tree seeds with different primary dormancy types and their responses to thermal dormancy induction, the seeds of nine different tree species with three primary dormancy types (non-dormancy, physical dormancy and physiological dormancy) were used as materials for germination tests at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ℃, respectively, and an appropriate germination temperature was determined according to seed germination performance. On this basis, the seeds were cultured at 25, 30 and 35 ℃ and transferred to the appropriate germination temperature for 14 days. The response of different primary dormancy types of seeds to thermal dormancy induction was compared according to seed germination performance. The results showed certain differences in an optimal germination temperature of seeds with different primary dormancy types. The optimal germination temperature for non-dormant seeds (Picea koraiensisLarix principis-rupprechtii, and Pinus thunbergii) was in a range of 10-25 ℃, for physically dormant seeds (Gleditsia japonicaRobinia pseudoacacia, and Amorpha fruticosa) was in a range of 10-35 ℃, for physiologically dormant seeds (Pinus tabuliformisFraxinus rhynchophylla, and Pyrus ussuriensis) was in a range of 5-30 ℃. High temperatures inhibited germination in most seeds. Only the physiologically dormant P. ussuriensis seeds entered thermal dormancy under high temperatures (with dormancy rates of 80%-86%), while the other physiologically dormant seeds (P. tabuliformis and F. rhynchophylla) had higher mortality rates (46%-69%). Non-dormant seeds had higher mortality rates (56%-100%), while physically dormant seeds had lower mortality rates (24%-64%). Physically dormant seeds had germination rates of 36%-76% at high temperatures of 25-35 ℃. Non-dormant and physically dormant seeds did not enter thermal dormancy under high temperatures, while the response of physiologically dormant seeds to thermal dormancy under high temperatures was inconsistent.

Key words: seed, primary dormancy, dormancy type, germination temperature, thermal dormancy

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